Ron Paul R. Trump won Texas by approximately 10 points. Chris Suprun, the elector who voted for Kasich, discussed his vote in an op-ed for The Hill : "Never in American history has a president-elect presented more conflict of interest questions and foreign entanglements than Donald Trump. Surely, electors have a constitutional duty if, after the popular vote but before the electoral vote, there emerges credible evidence that they are electing someone who is constitutionally ineligible to serve as President.
History will remember what you do in this moment. Four Democratic electors in Washington state did not vote for Hillary Clinton D , who won the state by almost 16 points. Three electors voted for former Secretary of State Colin Powell R , who did not run for president in The electors who voted for Powell said their votes were not against Clinton.
One elector said that she voted for Powell "in the hopes that Democrats and Republicans could reconcile. We need leaders who understand that," said Satiacum. One Democratic elector in Hawaii voted for Sen. Bernie Sanders I , who ran against Clinton for the Democratic nomination. Clinton won Hawaii by 32 points in the general election. The Framers of the Constitution struggled to determine an effective way of electing a president and debated a number of solutions, each with its own issues in a developing nation.
Selection by voters, Congress, and state legislatures were considered. The following issues were raised for each option: [11]. The Framers came up with a compromise by creating the Electoral College.
Electors, equaling the number from each state's congressional delegation, would be chosen to cast the votes for president. The candidate with the second-highest vote total was elected vice president. The following text is a transcription of the Constitution in its original form. Sections that are linked have since been amended or superseded:. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together with the Vice President, chosen for the same Term, be elected, as follows:.
Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector. The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by Ballot for two Persons, of whom one at least shall not be an Inhabitant of the same State with themselves.
And they shall make a List of all the Persons voted for, and of the Number of Votes for each; which List they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the Seat of the Government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the Presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the Certificates, and the Votes shall then be counted.
The Person having the greatest Number of Votes shall be the President, if such Number be a Majority of the whole Number of Electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have such Majority, and have an equal Number of Votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately chuse by Ballot one of them for President; and if no Person have a Majority, then from the five highest on the List the said House shall in like Manner chuse the President.
But in chusing the President, the Votes shall be taken by States, the Representation from each State having one Vote; A quorum for this purpose shall consist of a Member or Members from two thirds of the States, and a Majority of all the States shall be necessary to a Choice. But if there should remain two or more who have equal Votes, the Senate shall chuse from them by Ballot the Vice President. The Congress may determine the Time of chusing the Electors, and the Day on which they shall give their Votes; which Day shall be the same throughout the United States.
No Person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the United States, at the time of the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the Office of President; neither shall any Person be eligible to that Office who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty five Years, and been fourteen Years a Resident within the United States. In Case of the Removal of the President from Office, or of his Death, Resignation, or Inability to discharge the Powers and Duties of the said Office, the Same shall devolve on the Vice President, and the Congress may by Law provide for the Case of Removal, Death, Resignation or Inability, both of the President and Vice President, declaring what Officer shall then act as President, and such Officer shall act accordingly, until the Disability be removed, or a President shall be elected.
The President shall, at stated Times, receive for his Services, a Compensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the Period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that Period any other Emolument from the United States, or any of them. Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, he shall take the following Oath or Affirmation"I do solemnly swear or affirm that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.
The original rules did not establish separate votes for president and vice president. Instead, the winner was named president and the runner-up vice president. In , this system resulted in a tie between both members of the Democratic-Republican ticket, Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr. The tie went to the United States House of Representatives to be resolved, which led to the passage of the 12th Amendment. The 12th Amendment was ratified in and created the following rules: [12].
The following text is a transcription of the 12th Amendment in its original form. The 23rd Amendment was ratified in The amendment allocated electoral votes to the District of Columbia equal to the number of delegates it would have if it were a state, but not to exceed the number of votes given to the least populated state.
The 23rd Amendment reads as follows:. The District constituting the seat of Government of the United States shall appoint in such manner as Congress may direct:. A number of electors of President and Vice President equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives in Congress to which the District would be entitled if it were a State, but in no event more than the least populous State; they shall be in addition to those appointed by the States, but they shall be considered, for the purposes of the election of President and Vice President, to be electors appointed by a State; and they shall meet in the District and perform such duties as provided by the twelfth article of amendment.
The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. Each state is charged with establishing how electors are chosen. The only people barred from serving as electors by the Constitution are those who hold an "Office of Trust or Profit under the United States," including members of the legislature and judiciary, federal law enforcement officers and military personnel and other public employees of the federal government.
Thirty-two states use state party conventions to nominate major party candidates to the position of elector. Five states use the state party's central committee to nominate candidates. Other methods include nomination by governor, nominations based on unspecified party, the use of primary elections and by the state's preferred presidential candidate. Minor party candidates have different state specified nominations. Since the number of electoral votes was determined by the size of a state's population, southern states had more influence in electing a president than a direct public vote would have given them.
In some states, electors could vote for whichever candidate they prefer, regardless of who voters backed. But in practice, electors almost always vote for the candidate who wins the most votes in their state.
If an elector votes against their state's presidential pick, they are termed "faithless". In , seven electoral college votes were cast this way, but no result has been changed by faithless electors. The House of Representatives, the lower house of US lawmakers, will then vote to elect the president.
This has happened only once, when in four candidates split the electoral vote, denying any one of them a majority. With two parties dominating the US system, this is unlikely to happen today. Image source, Getty Images.
So who are Americans voting for? How does the electoral college work? There are electors in total. Try our quiz on the key states at this election. Has a candidate lost the public vote but become president? Why was the system chosen? Each state has a certain number of votes in the electoral college.
Do electors have to vote for the candidate who won? Representatives are reapportioned among the states in accordance with the latest federal census, thereby automatically reapportioning the membership of the Electoral College among the states. The map below shows the number of electoral votes for each state, according to the census. Each political party nominates its own candidates typically long-standing party activists, officeholders, or donors for the position of presidential elector. In most states, the nominees for the position of presidential elector are nominated by district and state conventions of each separate political party in the state.
There are a variety of other methods used. For example, in Pennsylvania, the presidential candidate himself or herself directly nominates their presidential electors. Members of the Electoral College are elected by each state and the District of Columbia on the Tuesday after the first Monday in November in presidential election years.
In , Election Day is Tuesday November 3, This date is set by a federal law passed by Congress, and may only by changed by Congress. In Maine and Nebraska, one presidential elector is elected from each of the state's congressional districts, and two presidential electors are elected on the basis of the statewide vote.
For example, in , Nebraska's electoral votes divided , with McCain receiving four and Obama receiving one as a result of his winning Nebraska's 2nd congressional district. In , Maine's electoral votes divided , with Clinton receiving three and Trump receiving one as a result of his winning Maine's 2nd congressional district in the northern part of the state.
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