God reaffirms his covenant with Moses, and, fashioning new stone tablets to record his decrees, God declares himself to be a compassionate, loving, and patient God. SparkTeach Teacher's Handbook. Character List God Moses David. Themes Motifs Symbols. Important Quotes Explained. Summary Exodus. Page 1 Page 2. Summary The Book of Exodus begins more than four hundred years after Joseph, his brothers, and the Pharaoh he once served have all died.
Previous section Genesis Chapters 25—50 Next page Exodus page 2. As with Genesis, early Jewish traditions name Moses as the most likely and best qualified person to have authored Exodus. This theory is supported by a number of factors. Many conversations, events, and geographical details could be known only by an eyewitness or participant.
Exodus begins in the Egyptian region called Goshen. The people then traveled out of Egypt and, it is traditionally believed, moved toward the southern end of the Sinai Peninsula. Though the children of Israel were enslaved in a foreign land, God miraculously and dramatically delivered them to freedom.
The overall theme of Exodus is redemption—how God delivered the Israelites and made them His special people. This relationship comes with certain expectations, with benefits for the Israelites if they uphold their end of the agreement, and consequences if they do not. Toward the beginning of the book, the cries of Israel rise up to God, who hears them and remembers his promises to Abraham back in Genesis.
In the middle of the book, God meets Israel in the wilderness: he is high atop a mountain, and they are on the plain below. God is closer to the people, but still a ways off. This is related to the theme of covenant—specifically, the expectations God has for the people of Israel. From chapter 20 onward, we start seeing more and more directives for the people on how to live as the people of God. Exodus is where the story of the Bible really starts picking up.
God has already made his promises to Abraham: his descendants would be a mighty people, they would possess the land of Canaan, and through them the whole earth will be blessed by God. While in Genesis we see God working through a family, in Exodus we see God working with an entire nation. Exodus is a starburst of Old and New Testament theology.
God is faithful, and keeps His promise to Abraham Gn —21 by judging the Egyptians and liberating Israel. The Lord also gives Israel the first iteration of the Law, and begins to dwell among His people in the tabernacle.
Exodus picks up where Genesis leaves off: the young nation of Israel is in Egypt they were invited by Joseph, the one with the famous coat. A new Pharaoh notices the Israelites multiplying, and enslaves them.
Afraid of an uprising, he orders that all Hebrew sons should be cast into the Nile at birth. When adult Moses kills an abusive Egyptian slave driver, he flees the country. Forty years later, God appears to Moses as a burning bush and sends him to deliver Israel from the hand of Pharaoh. Pharaoh refuses, and so God sends those famous 10 plagues upon the Egyptians. The Israelites celebrate the first-ever Passover, and then set out into the wilderness.
Pharaoh changes his mind and sends his army to recapture them. The Israelites leave Egypt and make their way to the foot of Mount Sinai in the wilderness. God descends on the top of the mountain, and then, something amazing happens. God makes a covenant with the nation of Israel and the generations to come: because He rescued them from Egypt, Israel is to observe His rules.
God speaks the Ten Commandments directly to the whole nation of Israel, and He relays specific ordinances to Moses on the mountain. And the people agree to it! After this, God makes plans for a place of worship. God gives Moses the plans for the tabernacle, the sacred furniture, and the garments for the priests.
While God is giving Moses laws for the people, the people start worshiping a golden calf … not cool. And so Israel builds the tabernacle: a holy tent. God is now dwelling among His chosen people, Israel. The whole Torah is a carefully, intentionally edited work.
Moses is traditionally credited as the human author of the Old-Testament book of Exodus. This is because Exodus is part of the Torah, which is known as the Law of Moses. You can learn more about the authors who wrote the Bible here.
Thanks, Steven! God's message: Moses and his brother Aaron must go to Egypt to free the Israelites. Moses and Aaron ask Pharaoh really nicely if he'll set the slaves free, but God makes him give the brothers a big, fat "get lost.
Then, to top it off, God finally slays each Egyptian firstborn. Talk about a show of force. Pharaoh lets the Israelites go, but then changes his mind.
What can we say? He's a fickle guy. The Egyptians pursue the fleeing Israelites to the Red Sea. God and Moses split the sea apart, allowing the Israelites to cross the water. Trippy as this journey is, they get across.
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